Concept 20 A half DNA ladder is a template for copying the whole.
Because of the obligatory pairing of adenine-to-thymine and guanine-to-cytosine, Watson and Crick proposed that one half of the DNA ladder serves as a template for recreating the other half during DNA replication. By 1958, two lines of evidence came together to provide proof of this hypothesis. First, an enzyme was discovered — DNA polymerase — that adds complementary nucleotides to the template provided by a half DNA molecule.
Second, an ingenious experiment used nitrogen isotopes to follow the construction of new DNA molecules during successive generations of bacteria. This showed that one strand of each DNA molecule is passed along unchanged to each of two daughter cells. This "conserved" strand acts as the template for DNA polymerase to synthesize a second complementary strand, which completes each new DNA molecule.
DNA and proteins are key molecules of the cell nucleus.
One gene makes one protein.
A gene is made of DNA.
Bacteria and viruses have DNA too.
The DNA molecule is shaped like a twisted ladder.
A half DNA ladder is a template for copying the whole.
RNA is an intermediary between DNA and protein.
DNA words are three letters long.
A gene is a discrete sequence of DNA nucleotides.
The RNA message is sometimes edited.
Some viruses store genetic information in RNA.
RNA was the first genetic molecule.
Mutations are changes in genetic information.
Some types of mutations are automatically repaired.