Concept 11 Genes get shuffled when chromosomes exchange pieces.

Alfred Sturtevant relaxing at Woods Hole, 1916. Sturtevant often joined T.H. Morgan and his family on their summer retreats there.

Alfred Sturtevant in his World War I army uniform, 1918.

1919 welcome home party for Sturtevant on his return from military service in WWI. Parties and social events were not uncommon to the Fly group. Morgan hosted many of them.

Biology staff at Caltech, 1930. Alfred Sturtevant and Calvin Bridges went with T.H. Morgan to Caltech in 1928.

Alfred Sturtevant on a visit to E.G. Anderson's corn field, 1937.

Alfred Sturtevant at his desk in Caltech, 1949.

Alfred Sturtevant working with fly stocks at Caltech, 1949.

Calvin Bridges pitching horseshoes at Woods Hole, 1922.

Calvin Bridges in Fly Room at Columbia around 1926. Note the crowded conditions.

Calvin Bridges in Fly Stock Room in Caltech, around 1935. Fly stocks now had their own room as opposed to being stacked on people's desks.

Calvin Bridges pointing to Drosophila map pillar, a method of identification he devised. Each side of the pillar represented one Drosophila chromosome, around 1935.

Calvin Bridges during a stay at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1937.

Calvin Bridges, one of Morgan's students, was said to have had the best "eyes" in the lab. Bridges isolated most of the early fly mutants and built and maintained many of the fly lines used in later experiments. He started work in Morgan's lab as the dishwasher.

How would you design an experiment to prove genes are linked?

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Alfred Sturtevant relaxing at Woods Hole, 1916. Sturtevant often joined T.H. Morgan and his family on their summer retreats there.